A–Z

Everything on the site in one alphabetical list: 61 peptides and 96 supplements, each with plain-English information on dosing, safety and what the evidence says.

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A

ACE-031
A discontinued clinical-trial drug that blocks myostatin and related signals to build muscle. Trials were halted over bleeding and vascular safety concerns.
Peptide · Healing & recovery
Acetic Acid Water (0.6% / 0.1-1% acetic acid)
Sterile water with a small amount of acetic acid, used to dissolve peptides that will not mix well in plain or bacteriostatic water.
Peptide · Supplies & reconstitution
Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR)
An acetylated carnitine that crosses into the brain more easily. Studied for nerve and cognitive health; evidence is mixed and often in specific groups.
Supplement · Amino acids & derivatives
Adipotide
An experimental peptide that destroys blood vessels feeding fat tissue. Large weight loss in primates, but kidney toxicity concerns.
Peptide · Weight loss & metabolic
AICAR
A small-molecule AMPK activator, not a peptide, that mimics some effects of exercise in animals. Banned by WADA.
Peptide · Weight loss & metabolic
Alpha-GPC
Alpha-GPC is a choline compound sold for focus and power output. The evidence is modest, and recent research has raised questions about long-term heart and stroke risk.
Supplement · Brain & cognition
Alpha-lipoic acid
Alpha-lipoic acid is an antioxidant made by the body. It has some evidence for diabetic nerve symptoms, but it can lower blood sugar and affect medicines.
Supplement · Longevity & mitochondrial
AOD9604
A short fragment of HGH originally promoted for fat loss without HGH's side effects. Modest evidence.
Peptide · Weight loss & metabolic
Apigenin
Apigenin is a plant compound from chamomile, popular as a bedtime add-on. Human evidence for sleep is thin, and most of the claims come from lab and animal studies.
Supplement · Sleep, stress & mood
ARA 290
An 11-amino-acid peptide derived from erythropoietin, studied for nerve pain and neuropathy without raising red blood cell counts.
Peptide · Healing & recovery
Ashwagandha
An Ayurvedic root extract taken for stress and sleep. Some decent short trials, but rare liver injury reports and thyroid effects mean it is not risk-free.
Supplement · Herbs & adaptogens
Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin is a red antioxidant pigment from algae. It is popular for skin and eye health, but human trials are small and benefits modest.
Supplement · Longevity & mitochondrial

B

B-complex
A B-complex bundles the eight B vitamins in one capsule. It can cover gaps in a poor diet, but it is not an energy booster for well-fed people.
Supplement · Vitamins
Bacopa monnieri
Bacopa is an Ayurvedic herb sold for memory and focus. Small trials suggest a modest memory effect after about 12 weeks, but not an instant boost.
Supplement · Brain & cognition
Bacteriostatic Water (BAC water)
Sterile water with 0.9% benzyl alcohol added as a preservative: the standard liquid for mixing peptide powder.
Peptide · Supplies & reconstitution
BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, valine)
Three essential amino acids sold for muscle and recovery. If you already eat enough protein, they add little.
Supplement · Protein & performance
Beetroot juice / dietary nitrate
Beetroot juice is a nitrate-rich drink that may slightly improve endurance and lower blood pressure for some people. Effects are modest and uneven.
Supplement · Protein & performance
Berberine
A plant alkaloid with real but modest blood-sugar effects in studies. It interacts with many medicines and should be avoided in pregnancy.
Supplement · Herbs & adaptogens
Beta-alanine
The pre-workout ingredient that makes your skin tingle. Modest evidence for high-intensity efforts lasting about one to four minutes.
Supplement · Protein & performance
Betaine (trimethylglycine, TMG)
A compound found in beets and wheat that donates methyl groups. Used for homocysteine and, in sport, for power; evidence for performance gains is mixed.
Supplement · Amino acids & derivatives
Biotin (vitamin B7)
Biotin is sold for hair and nails, but it helps mainly if you are deficient. High doses can also seriously distort blood tests, including heart and thyroid tests.
Supplement · Vitamins
Boron
A trace element found in fruit, nuts and veg. Popular for bones, joints and testosterone claims, but human evidence is thin and not well established as essential.
Supplement · Minerals
BPC-157
Synthetic 15-amino-acid fragment associated with tendon, gut and soft-tissue healing in animal studies.
Peptide · Healing & recovery
BPC-157 + TB-500 blend
BPC-157 and TB-500 pre-mixed 1:1 in one vial, the classic 'Wolverine' recovery stack. Untested as a combination in people.
Peptide · Blends & stacks

C

Caffeine
The most widely used stimulant. Reliably boosts alertness and endurance; pure powder is dangerous because a teaspoon can be a lethal dose.
Supplement · Protein & performance
Cagrilintide
Long-acting amylin analogue that suppresses appetite via a different pathway than GLP-1 — often stacked with semaglutide.
Peptide · Weight loss & metabolic
Cagrilintide + Semaglutide (CagriSema)
A vendor blend of cagrilintide and semaglutide at 1:1. Not the licensed Novo Nordisk CagriSema product, which is still in development.
Peptide · Blends & stacks
Calcium
The main mineral in bones and teeth. Food is the best source; supplements help only if intake is low, and high doses carry some risks.
Supplement · Minerals
Cerebrolysin
A mixture of small peptides and amino acids from pig brain, licensed in some countries for stroke and dementia, with mixed evidence.
Peptide · Brain, sleep & mood
Chromium (picolinate)
A trace mineral sold for blood sugar and cravings. Evidence for any real effect is weak, and a true dietary need has never been firmly shown.
Supplement · Minerals
Cinnamon
A common spice sold for blood sugar. Evidence is mixed and small; cassia cinnamon contains coumarin, which can harm the liver in excess.
Supplement · Herbs & adaptogens
Citicoline (CDP-choline)
Citicoline is a natural compound sold for attention and memory. Evidence is mixed but a bit more consistent than for most brain supplements, mainly at 250 to 500 mg.
Supplement · Brain & cognition
CJC-1295
Long-acting growth-hormone-releasing hormone analogue, almost always stacked with ipamorelin.
Peptide · Growth hormone & muscle
CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin blend
CJC-1295 (no DAC) and ipamorelin pre-mixed 1:1, the standard growth hormone secretagogue stack. Untested as a combination in people.
Peptide · Blends & stacks
Collagen peptides
Broken-down collagen protein sold for skin, joints and tendons. Some trials show small benefits, though many are industry-funded and effects are modest.
Supplement · Protein & performance
CoQ10
CoQ10 is a compound your cells make for energy production. Supplements are popular with statin users and for heart health, but the evidence is mixed.
Supplement · Longevity & mitochondrial
Cordyceps
A medicinal fungus marketed for stamina and energy. Evidence in humans is limited and mixed, and the product you buy is usually not the wild fungus.
Supplement · Herbs & adaptogens
Creatine monohydrate
The most researched sports supplement there is. Reliably helps short, high-intensity effort and lean mass gain alongside training.
Supplement · Protein & performance

G

GABA (oral)
GABA is the brain's main calming messenger, but it is unclear whether swallowing it gets into the brain. Evidence for calm and sleep is thin.
Supplement · Sleep, stress & mood
GHK-Cu
Naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide associated with skin renewal, wound healing and hair regrowth.
Peptide · Longevity & mitochondrial
GHRP-2
A synthetic ghrelin-receptor agonist that triggers a strong growth hormone pulse. Raises hunger, cortisol and prolactin more than cleaner options.
Peptide · Growth hormone & muscle
GHRP-6
The original synthetic GH-releasing hexapeptide. It reliably releases GH, and it also causes strong, fast-onset hunger.
Peptide · Growth hormone & muscle
Ginkgo biloba
Extract of ginkgo tree leaves sold for memory and circulation. Disappointing evidence for memory, and a real bleeding-risk caution.
Supplement · Herbs & adaptogens
GLOW
A vendor-made blend of GHK-Cu, BPC-157 and TB-500 in one vial, sold for skin, hair and tissue repair.
Peptide · Longevity & mitochondrial
Glucosamine and chondroitin
Cartilage-building blocks sold for joint pain. Evidence for knee osteoarthritis is mixed, with small average benefits and some people noticing more than others.
Supplement · Joints & connective tissue
Glutathione
A tripeptide antioxidant your body makes itself, sold for skin lightening and detox. Injectable use carries real concerns.
Peptide · Longevity & mitochondrial
Glycine
The smallest amino acid. Taken in the evening for sleep quality, with small studies behind it, and as a collagen building block.
Supplement · Amino acids & derivatives
Gonadorelin
A synthetic copy of GnRH, the brain signal that tells the pituitary to release LH and FSH. Pulsatile dosing matters.
Peptide · Libido, tanning & hormones
Green tea extract
Concentrated green tea catechins (EGCG). Small effects on weight at best, and high-dose extracts have been linked to liver injury.
Supplement · Herbs & adaptogens

L

L-arginine
Amino acid the body uses to make nitric oxide. Widely sold for pumps and blood flow, but oral evidence is weaker than the marketing.
Supplement · Amino acids & derivatives
L-Carnitine
An amino-acid-derived compound that moves fats into your cells' energy centres. Popular for fat loss, with underwhelming evidence.
Peptide · Weight loss & metabolic
L-carnitine L-tartrate
An oral, fast-absorbing carnitine used in sport for recovery. Evidence for fat loss is weak; recovery benefits are small but more plausible.
Supplement · Amino acids & derivatives
L-citrulline / citrulline malate
A non-essential amino acid popular in pre-workouts for pumps and endurance. Evidence is mixed but leans slightly positive at proper doses.
Supplement · Amino acids & derivatives
L-glutamine
The most abundant amino acid in the body. Popular for gut and recovery, but evidence in healthy people is thin.
Supplement · Amino acids & derivatives
L-theanine
An amino acid from tea leaves taken for calm focus. Evidence for mild effects on relaxation and attention, especially alongside caffeine, is modest.
Supplement · Amino acids & derivatives
L-tyrosine
An amino acid your body uses to make dopamine and noradrenaline. May help mental performance under acute stress; evidence in everyday use is weak.
Supplement · Amino acids & derivatives
Lemon Bottle
An unlicensed 'fat-dissolving' injectable or skin solution, contents vary by seller. Not a peptide, and carries real risk of tissue damage.
Peptide · Cosmetic & body contouring
Lion's mane mushroom
Lion's mane is a shaggy edible mushroom sold for focus and nerve health. The hype runs well ahead of the human evidence, which is small and early.
Supplement · Brain & cognition
Lipo-C
A compounded lipotropic injection (usually methionine, inositol and choline, often with B12 or L-carnitine). Not a peptide, and the evidence for fat loss is weak.
Peptide · Weight loss & metabolic
LL-37
Natural human antimicrobial peptide with broad antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity.
Peptide · Immune
Lutein and zeaxanthin
Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids concentrated in the retina. They may help in a specific eye condition (AREDS2 context) but are not proven to improve normal vision.
Supplement · Brain & cognition

M

Maca root
A Peruvian root vegetable sold for libido and energy. It is food-like and generally mild, but the evidence is small and does not show hormone changes.
Supplement · Hormonal & sexual health
Magnesium
An essential mineral involved in hundreds of body processes. Helpful if you are short; evidence for sleep, mood and cramp benefits is mixed and modest.
Supplement · Minerals
Mazdutide
GLP-1 + glucagon dual agonist developed by Innovent/Lilly, especially studied in Chinese populations.
Peptide · Weight loss & metabolic
Melanotan I
The more selective melanotan. The licensed version, afamelanotide (Scenesse), is used for a rare light-sensitivity disease. Grey-market versions are unlicensed.
Peptide · Libido, tanning & hormones
Melanotan II
Synthetic melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogue used for tanning and as a libido enhancer.
Peptide · Libido, tanning & hormones
Melatonin
The body's own sleep-timing hormone, available as an injectable vial. It is a hormone, not a peptide.
Peptide · Brain, sleep & mood
Melatonin (oral supplement)
Oral melatonin helps shift body-clock timing more than it knocks you out. It is prescription-only in the UK but sold as a supplement in many other countries.
Supplement · Sleep, stress & mood
Milk thistle
A herbal extract popular as a liver supplement. Generally well tolerated, but good evidence for liver benefit is thin.
Supplement · Herbs & adaptogens
MOTS-c
A peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA — exercise-mimetic effects on metabolism in animal models.
Peptide · Longevity & mitochondrial
MSM
A sulphur compound sold for joint pain and recovery. Small trials show modest benefits for knee pain, but the evidence is thin and the products are variable.
Supplement · Joints & connective tissue
Multivitamin
A multivitamin is cheap insurance against a patchy diet, not a shortcut to better health. Large trials show little effect on major disease in well-fed adults.
Supplement · Vitamins

P

Panax (Korean/Asian) ginseng
A traditional East Asian root used for energy and mental sharpness. Evidence is mixed and modest, and it interacts with several common medicines.
Supplement · Herbs & adaptogens
PEG-MGF
Long-acting version of MGF (a splice variant of IGF-1 activated by muscle damage).
Peptide · Growth hormone & muscle
Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylserine is a fatty compound in cell membranes sold for memory and stress. Evidence is modest and mostly older, using bovine-derived forms no longer sold.
Supplement · Brain & cognition
Potassium
An essential electrolyte best obtained from food. Over-the-counter supplements are capped low in the UK because too much can disturb the heart.
Supplement · Minerals
PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone)
PQQ is a vitamin-like compound marketed for mitochondria and brain health. Human evidence is small and early, and most claims rest on lab and animal work.
Supplement · Longevity & mitochondrial
Prebiotic fibre
Fermentable fibres that feed gut bacteria. Can help regularity for some people, but often cause gas and bloating, especially at the start.
Supplement · Gut & digestion
Probiotics
Live microbes sold for gut health. Some specific strains have decent evidence for specific problems; "probiotic" as a general label tells you very little.
Supplement · Gut & digestion
Psyllium husk
A gel-forming fibre with some of the best evidence among gut supplements for constipation, stool consistency and modest cholesterol lowering.
Supplement · Gut & digestion
PT-141
Melanocortin receptor agonist approved in the US for female low-desire disorder. Used by both sexes for libido.
Peptide · Libido, tanning & hormones

S

Saffron extract
A spice extract with some of the better small-trial support among herbs for low mood and anxiety. Evidence is encouraging but not conclusive.
Supplement · Herbs & adaptogens
SAMe (S-adenosyl methionine)
SAMe is a compound the body makes naturally and is sold for low mood and joint pain. Evidence is mixed, and it carries real cautions for serotonin and mania.
Supplement · Sleep, stress & mood
Selank
Russian anxiolytic peptide. Mild calming effect without sedation; complements semax.
Peptide · Brain, sleep & mood
Selenium
A trace mineral needed for thyroid and antioxidant enzymes. UK intake is often on the low side, but the gap between enough and too much is narrow.
Supplement · Minerals
Semaglutide
The original "big" GLP-1 agonist. Approved for diabetes (Ozempic), obesity (Wegovy), and as an oral tablet (Rybelsus).
Peptide · Weight loss & metabolic
Semax
Russian nootropic peptide derived from ACTH. Used clinically there for stroke and ADHD; here for focus and cognition.
Peptide · Brain, sleep & mood
Sermorelin
Short-acting GHRH analogue, the gentlest GH-promoting peptide. Often the first one age-related clinics prescribe.
Peptide · Growth hormone & muscle
Shilajit
A tar-like substance from mountain rocks sold for energy and testosterone. Limited human data and a real risk of heavy metal contamination.
Supplement · Herbs & adaptogens
SLU-PP-332
A small-molecule 'exercise mimetic' that activates ERR receptors. Mouse data only, no human trials, and not a peptide.
Peptide · Weight loss & metabolic
Snap-8
Cosmetic eight-amino-acid peptide used topically in anti-wrinkle products. Not intended for injection.
Peptide · Cosmetic & body contouring
Spermidine
Spermidine is a natural polyamine found in wheat germ and soya. It promotes autophagy in lab studies, but human evidence for longevity is early and limited.
Supplement · Longevity & mitochondrial
SS-31
Mitochondria-targeted peptide that protects inner membrane cardiolipin. In trials for genetic mitochondrial diseases.
Peptide · Longevity & mitochondrial
St John's wort
A herbal remedy for low mood that interacts with a huge number of medicines, including the contraceptive pill and antidepressants.
Supplement · Herbs & adaptogens
Survodutide
GLP-1 + glucagon dual agonist from Boehringer Ingelheim, with strong liver fat data.
Peptide · Weight loss & metabolic

T

Taurine
A sulphur-containing amino acid found in energy drinks and meat. Some promising heart and exercise findings, but evidence is still early.
Supplement · Amino acids & derivatives
TB-500
Synthetic version of an active region of Thymosin Beta-4, used for systemic soft-tissue recovery.
Peptide · Healing & recovery
Tesamorelin
GHRH analogue uniquely studied and approved for visceral fat reduction.
Peptide · Growth hormone & muscle
Thymalin
A Russian thymus-derived peptide preparation used in Russia for immune support. Most of the evidence is from Russian groups and has not been widely replicated.
Peptide · Immune
Thymosin Alpha-1
Immune-modulating peptide from the thymus gland. Approved as a medicine in many countries for hepatitis B and other infections.
Peptide · Immune
Tirzepatide
Dual GLP-1 + GIP agonist, marketed as Mounjaro for diabetes and Zepbound for obesity. Best-validated GLP-1 class drug for weight loss.
Peptide · Weight loss & metabolic
Tongkat ali
A Southeast Asian root sold as a testosterone and libido booster. Small studies hint at benefits, but quality problems and thin evidence are the catch.
Supplement · Hormonal & sexual health
Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus is a herb marketed as a testosterone booster, but human trials generally show no meaningful rise in testosterone. Evidence for libido is limited.
Supplement · Hormonal & sexual health
Turmeric / curcumin
Curcumin is the main active compound in turmeric. It is poorly absorbed, has modest joint evidence, and has been linked to rare cases of liver injury.
Supplement · Herbs & adaptogens

V

Valerian root
A traditional herbal sleep aid with mixed evidence. Generally safe short term, with a distinctive smell and some caution points.
Supplement · Sleep, stress & mood
VIP
A natural 28-amino-acid hormone that relaxes blood vessels and calms inflammation. Nasal use is popular in the CIRS community, with limited trial evidence.
Peptide · Immune
Vitamin A
Vitamin A supports vision, skin and immunity, but too much retinol can harm bones, the liver and an unborn baby. Pregnant women are advised to avoid supplements.
Supplement · Vitamins
Vitamin B12
An essential vitamin, injected to treat deficiency. Helps a lot if you are low; does very little if you are not.
Peptide · Weight loss & metabolic
Vitamin B12
B12 is essential for nerves and red blood cells. Vegans and people with absorption problems often need it; for everyone else, extra rarely boosts energy.
Supplement · Vitamins
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble vitamin. Most people get enough from food; extra mostly adds expensive urine, though it may slightly shorten colds.
Supplement · Vitamins
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)
Vitamin D3 is the form your skin makes from sunlight. In the UK, many people are low in winter, and a daily supplement is widely recommended in autumn and winter.
Supplement · Vitamins
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant. Deficiency is rare, and large-dose supplements have not delivered the heart or cancer benefits once hoped for.
Supplement · Vitamins
Vitamin K2 (MK-4 / MK-7)
Vitamin K2 helps direct calcium into bones and away from soft tissue. It is popular alongside vitamin D, but the evidence for supplements is still developing.
Supplement · Vitamins